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In every system, there are two clocks which comes into action while setting the time, one is hardware clock and the other is linux (OS) clock. The hardware clock determines the system clock on system boot. While the system is running, changes to one of these doesn’t affect the other. Normally you can follow any procedure, like first update one clock and then sync it with the other but it is always advised to first update the hardware clock and then let the linux clock sync it with it at the next reboot. Changing the system clock by using the date program on a running system could cause date discontinuities and consequently problems. Down here, I will be discussing both ways.
GRUB, no doubt is the most widely used Boot Loader on Linux. So, a system’s security is incomplete until its Boot Loader is secure. The common way to secure GRUB is, “password”. But, a “cunning” attacker can by-pass this security also and may gain access to your system, if password is NOT applied correctly to the “grub.conf” entries.
The main reasons to Password Protect the GRUB Boot Loader are:
In a linux/unix system, the time is the number of seconds elapsed since midnight UTC on the morning of January 1, 1970, not counting leap seconds.
There are different ways and procedures to change timezones in different flavors of linux/unix (which i will explain later in this HowTo) but universla procedure to do it in all flavors is explained below:
Although MP3 is the most commonly used format for the audio files around the world, but sometimes there are circumstances where we need a WAV format for a application, for example “Kalarm”. Now, this can be simply accomplished using “mpg321” utility. If your system does not have this utility installed, then it can be…
Most of the people use cron for scheduling tasks on hourly or daily basis. It is one of the very best tool which gives system administrators a lot of relief as computer can do their work when they are miles away from their systems.
Enabling/Disabling the cron for specific user is something which is not used by every person but could be useful for the system administrators or people who would like to put some restrictions on services which a normal user can use in a system.
By default in most of the Flavors of linux/unix, cron is enabled for all users.
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